From: Stan Byers Subject: Gravity Perturbations via Eclipse Date: Thursday, June 10, 1999 10:28 AM Gentlemen of Gravity Science, This is a review and graph of the Saxl and Allen gravity research work demonstrating and measuring the earth's surface gravity perturbations that occur during a solar eclipse. This post is to present the view that the gravity perturbations are caused by planetary gravitational shielding as described with a radiation shadowing model of gravity. The paper "Radiant Pressure Model of Remote Forces" presents another complimentary type of data on planetary gravitational shielding and is available at URL; http://www.netcom.com/~sbyers11 The following review notes will be more easily understood by readers who are familiar with the geometry of the radiation shadowing concept of remote forces or who have read the paper at the above URL. With an understanding of the radiation and shadowing model an increase in gravity is clearly expected within the umbra and penumbra of the eclipse shadow. The Saxl and Allen work, Phy. Rev. D, 3:4: pg. 823-825 indicates a 5% increase in local surface gravity during the eclipse and states that this measured value is One Hundred Thousand Times (1X10^5) greater than the expected change in gravity computed according to the older theories. The paper also states: "Results of this order of magnitude have been consistently observed in Harvard over a period of 17 years." It should be noted that older classical theories of gravity do not predict any gravitational step perturbation whatsoever in conjunction with any type of eclipse. With a radiation and shadowing model of gravity the cause of the step increase, as seen in this Saxl and Allen work, is readily evident from the shadowing and planetary geometry. pg. 1/6 >>> Abstract from the Saxl and Allen paper: "1970 Solar Eclipse as "Seen" by a Torsion Pendulum" "During the solar eclipse of 7 March 1970, readings were taken and recorded electronically of the times required for the torsion pendulum to rotate through a given fixed part of its path, involving both clockwise and counterclockwise motions, on its first swing from rest. Significant variations in these times were observed during the course of the eclipse as well as in the hours just preceding and just following the eclipse itself. Between the onset of the eclipse and its midpoint there is a steady increase in the observed times. After the midpoint the times decrease suddenly and level off promptly to values considerably greater those observed before the eclipse. Furthermore, before the eclipse there is a periodic variation in these times. This strange periodicity was essentially repeated two weeks later at the same hours, though the actual values were somewhat greater than the earlier ones. These increases in actual values exceed by a factor of 10^5 those that can be explained by the attraction of the moon due to its change in position relative to the Sun and Earth. All this leads to the conclusion that classical gravitational theory needs to be modified to interpret these experimental facts" >>> ASCII Copy of Graph The following graph is an manual ASCII approximation of their graph of pendulum timing Vs the time of the eclipse duration. It should be used for qualitative purposes only. Anyone wishing quantitative information should refer to the original graph from the Physical Review volume listed above or obtain the original data. Mail and News reader programs may have to be set to non proportional spacing and full screen to obtain a readable version of the following course ASCII graph. pg. 2/6 The best view of the original graph will be found on the following link Gravity anomaly graph,....photocopy from Saxl and Allen Paper http://home.netcom.com/~sbyers11/saxl_scn.jpg > 1970 Solar Eclipse as "Seen" by a Torsion Pendulum > Saxl and Allen Phy. Rev. D Vol...3 No. 4 15 Feb. 1971 ASCII copy: For qualitative work only (not to scale) | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 10 am 11 12 1 2 3 4 |----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----| | . . . . . | 29.586 |... . . . . . . . . . . . | | . . . . . | 4 |... . . . . . . . . . . . | | . . . o . | 2 |... . . . . . . . o . . . . | | . . . . . o | 29.580 |... . . . . . . o .o . oo.o o o o. | | . . . o . . | S 8 |... . . . . . .o . . . . . | e | . . . . o . | c 6 |... . . . . o . . . . . . | o | . . o . . . | n 4 |... . . . oo . . . . . . . | d | o . . o . . . | s 2 |... .o o o . . . . . . . . | | / . o . o . . . | 29.570 |..o . . . . . . . . . . . | | start->| |<-end | |____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____| 10AM 11 12 1 2 3 4PM Eastern Standard Time Harvard, Ct. USA Figure 1 >>> "Fig. 1. Times required to traverse the fixed part of the path of oscillation (ordinates) Vs. the hour at which the observations were made, from about 10 a.m. until nearly 4p.m. (abscissas ). The full line shows observations made on 7 March 1970, the day of the total eclipse." pg. 3/6 "Conclusion (from Saxl and Allen via OCR program) "Quantitative observations made with a precise torsion pendulum show, in agreement with many earlier less precise recordings made at Harvard since 1953, that the times required to traverse a fixed fraction of its total angular path vary markedly during the hours before the eclipse and during its first half, i.e., up to its midpoint. Also the significant changes in these times do not coincide exactly with the astronomically determined onset, midpoint, and endpoint of the eclipse." "These variations are too great to be explained, on the basis of classical gravitational theory, by the relative change in position of the moon with respect to the earth and sun. This leads to the same conclusion arrived at by Allais, that classical gravitational theory needs to be modified to interpret his (and our) experimental results. Moreover, the findings with the torsion pendulum, the significant mass of which moves perpendicularly to the geogravitic vector, seem to indicate the possibility of a fine structure in these observations neither predicted nor recorded using the orthodox methods of quasi-stationary gravitational investigations." >>> pg. 4/6 Review Notes Within a radiation shadowing model the sun is a black shadow object in the gravitational spectrum and any object that passes between a location on the earth and the sun will be lost in the area of the umbra since the objects shielding (mass) cannot increase the gravitational shadow size or density from that direction. If the Sun were not totaling blocking the prime radiant flow, the gravitational shadows of the sun and moon would combine for normal increased "attraction" and no pendulum perturbations would occur. Since a local decrease of the overhead "attraction" of the sun and moon occurs when the moon hides in the sun's totally black gravitational shadow, a real increase in the earth's surface gravity results for the location within and moving with the visual umbra. This effect would be most noticeable if the sun and moon were directly overhead of the shadow location. The shadow would have to be normal (90 deg. & near the equator) to the surface of the earth to obtain the largest possible increasing perturbation of the local surface gravity. This same shadowing mechanism accounts for the tidal depressions found under the moon's location when an eclipse is not occurring. The moon's shadowing does not allow maximum gravitational radiation flow into the earth therefore the earth's surface gravity is reduced when the moon is directly overhead. Reduced surface gravity in a location results in a depression in plastic or liquid matter. Highest tides are not directly under the moon. The high tide effects result from the moons gravity vector components acting tangentially to the oceans surface where the two gravity vectors are not in opposing parallel. With this view in mind it can be seen that an eclipse shadow near polar areas would not cause an increased surface gravity perturbation normal to the earth's surface. Within the shadow of the eclipse the Earth's plastic crust forms a bulge that conforms to a gravitational equipotential surface satisfying the inverse radius squared rule. Although counter intuitive, high gravity areas will cause bulges, not depressions, in liquid or plastic surfaces. The rising movement from a depression to a bulge will cause an inertial force downward on the pendulum. Thus increased gravity and the inertial force resulted in the total force perturbation seen by the torsion pendulum. It is apparent that the increase is equal to the change resulting from the position of the moon changing to the opposite side of the earth. When the moon is on the opposite side from the pendulum it has no effect on the surface gravity at the pendulum, since the moon is completely hidden gravitationally by the size of the earth's black gravitational shadow. pg. 5/6 A radiation and shadowing model is the only known physical model that correctly predicts a perturbation during an eclipse and the characteristics of the tides. In that model there is a clear cause and effect logic that predicts the perturbation. The model also predicts a similar perturbation of the moons surface gravity and an orbital path perturbation during a lunar eclipse. It is possible that the general recognition of these fundamental characteristics of gravity will lead to application experiments for interacting with the effects of gravitational and inertial forces upon an object without the need to rely on an inertial propellant mass. There was also a time when we did not know how to interact with the remote forces of the nuclear, magnetic, electrostatic, inductive and EM radiation phenomena. Can there be physical science work of more importance than obtaining an understanding of these perturbations and seeking interaction with the remote forces of gravity and inertia? Reference: > E. Saxl and Mildred Allen, 1970 Solar Eclipse as "Seen" by a Torsion Pendulum > E. Saxl and M. Allen, J.Appl. Phys. 40,2499 (1969). > M. Allen and E.J. Saxl, J.Appl. Phys. 40 2505 (1969). >W. A. Heiskanen and F. A. Vening Meiness, THE EARTH AND ITS GRAVITY FIELD > McGraw-Hill, New York, 1958, p. 120 >Maurice F. C. Allais. Aerospace Eng. 18 46 (1959) Ullakko, K; Liu, Yong; The 1990 Solar Eclipse as Seen by a and Xie, Zeliang Torsion Pendulum(SEE N92-10362 01-70) David Bohm, Wholeness and the Implicate Order Michael Talbot, The Holographic Universe Stanley Byers, Radiant Pressure Model of Remote Forces URL http://www.netcom.com/~sbyers11 pg.6/6